Vicarious trauma
Individuals close to those who have been victims of abuse may experience challenging emotions, disbelief, and sorrow. Likewise, professionals who frequently encounter trauma and distress as part of their professional duties are not immune to its impact. The continuous exposure to trauma can have a detrimental effect on those tasked with providing support during difficult times or working towards alleviating suffering for others, either directly or indirectly.
The term used to describe these repercussions is vicarious trauma. Vicarious trauma occurs when we internalize and bear witness to the narratives of trauma, including vivid details, sounds, and images, which then shape our perceptions of the world.
When faced with a significant influx of information, particularly information that carries an emotional weight, our physical, mental, and spiritual faculties adjust to assist us in managing the situation. While our coping mechanisms may provide immediate relief, they can lead to adverse long-term consequences.
Recognizing the indicators of vicarious trauma in oneself or others can vary as coping strategies differ among individuals. If any of the following manifestations resonate with your personal experiences, it is important to acknowledge that solutions are available.
Physical Manifestations and Fatigue
Persistent fatigue despite adequate rest
Physical tension in the body
Instances of headaches, back pain, and wrist discomfort
Difficulty falling asleep or excessive sleeping
Increased susceptibility to illness during periods of relaxation, such as vacations
Emotional Responses
Heightened sensitivity to emotionally-charged content
Sense of detachment from one's emotions or body
Feelings of guilt regarding having more resources or opportunities than those being assisted
Sensation of inadequacy, regardless of the level of effort exerted
Feelings of helplessness or despair regarding the future
Escalation in feelings of anger, irritability, resentment, or cynicism
Cognitive Patterns
Difficulty in considering alternative viewpoints or innovative solutions
Tendency to make hasty judgments, exhibit inflexible thinking, or struggle with being reflective and deliberate
Tendency to downplay the suffering of others in comparison to more severe incidents or circumstances
Intrusive thoughts and imagery related to the traumatic material witnessed or heard
Behavioral Changes
Increased absenteeism and turnover rates
Avoidance of work, relationships, and/or obligations
Feelings of dread towards activities that were previously enjoyable or neutral
Engagement in escapist behaviors, such as overeating, substance abuse, excessive screen time, or compulsive shopping
Shifts in Interpersonal Dynamics
Blurring of boundaries between personal and professional time
Tendency to undervalue individuals outside of one's professional sphere
Challenges in relating to the everyday experiences of others without drawing comparisons to those being assisted or oneself
Lack of personal life separate from professional obligations
Heightened vigilance and concern for the safety of loved ones
Isolation from others or exclusive interactions with individuals from the same field or with similar experiences
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